Organization Behavior Analysis Essay Example for Free

Organization Behavior Analysis Essay Consequently, in the United States, organizational behavior and management researchers started studying the role that culture plays in the business community. The investigation led to some confusion. Some believed that the national culture of Japan was the driving force behind the competitive successes of businesses in that country. To others, however, it was the cultures of specific companies that created the advantage. My Company uses the Pluralism method. The first distinction to be made when studying culture is the level of analysis—a nation versus a specific company. An individual company constitutes the level of analysis. Therefore, organizational culture consists of a set of shared meanings and values held by a set of members in an organization that distinguish the organization from other organizations. An organizations culture determines how it perceives and reacts to the larger environment (Becker, 1982; Schein, 1996). Culture determines the nature of an individuals experience in an organization in both for-profit companies and nonprofit enterprises. Over time, employees find out how the company works, what is rewarded, and what is punished. Questions, answers, myths, stories, and jargon all become part of the organizational experience. When the person matches the organizational type, the fit produces the best chances for individual success. Company leaders enjoy distinct advantages when an organization exhibits a positive culture. Positive cultures are democratic and progressive. They nurture and value the contributions of members. Positive cultures tend to be more flexible and adaptable, making the organization better able to meet the challenges of a dynamic world (Benn, 2011). Organizational leaders have vested interests in trying to build positive cultures over time. Some studies suggest that culture can play a larger role in employee motivation than pay (Gifford, Zammuto, Goodman, Hill, 2002). Organizational culture can help managers reach their goals while helping employees adapt to company life. The benefits of a positive culture include stability, employee self-management, and assistance in integrating new employees into the workplace. †¢Communicating with the IRS for a taxpayer regarding the taxpayers rights, privileges, or liabilities under laws and regulations administered by the IRS. †¢Representing a taxpayer at conferences, hearings, or meetings with the IRS. Preparing and filing documents, including tax returns, with the IRS for a taxpayer. †¢Providing a client with written advice which has a potential for tax avoidance or evasion. Furnishing information at the request of the IRS or appearing as a witness for the taxpayer is not practice before the IRS. Other individuals who may serve as representatives. Because of their special relationship with a taxpayer, the following individuals can represent the specified taxpayers before the IRS, provided they present satisfactory identification and, except in the case of an individual described in (1) below, proof of authority to represent the taxpayer. An individual. An individual can represent himself or herself before the IRS and does not have to file a written declaration of qualification and authority. 2. A family member. An individual can represent members of his or her immediate family. Immediate family includes a spouse, child, parent, brother, or sister of the individual. 3. An officer. A bona fide officer of a corporation (including a parent, subsidiary, or other affiliated corporation), association, or organized group can represent the corporation, association, or organized group. An officer of a governmental unit, agency, or authority, in the course of his or her official duties, can represent the organization before the IRS. 4. A partner. A general partner may represent the partnership before the IRS. 5. An employee. A regular full-time employee can represent his or her employer. An employer can be, but is not limited to, an individual, partnership, corporation (including a parent, subsidiary, or other affiliated corporation), association, trust, receivership, guardianship, estate, organized group, governmental unit, agency, or authority. . A fiduciary. A fiduciary (trustee, executor, personal representative, administrator, receiver, or guardian) stands in the position of a taxpayer and acts as the taxpayer, not as a representative. Submit a power of attorney when you want to authorize an individual to represent you before the IRS, whether or not the representative performs any of the other acts cited earlier under What Is a Power of Attorney. A power of attorney is most often required when you want to authorize another individual to perform at least one of the following acts on your behalf. . Represent you at a meeting with the IRS. 2. Prepare and file a written response to the IRS. Every day organizational operations involve processes and activities that are construed by many as distasteful or unpleasant parts of employment because they involve the use of authority, power, or politics. The word politics has a negative connotation for many people. Although they may try to avoid political situations, wishing them away is not possible. Furthermore, not every use of power has a negative intention or outcome. Managers can exert power to achieve legitimate organizational goals. The end result may be an increase or decrease in personal power, and the events may be construed as being political or simply as doing his or her job. I think that this brings out a positive outcome. The three types of authority are line authority, staff authority, and functional authority. Line authority is direct, formal authority, as indicated by the vertical lines of an organization chart. Staff authority consists of the right to advise, or give advice. Functional authority is the right to direct but not to discipline. It emerges when an individual has been assigned a leadership role on a task force, project team, or committee. The type of authority that Internal Revenue Service is mainly line authority. I think that this brings out a positive outcome. Employee responsibility, or accountability, is the obligation to carry out tasks as assigned by the supervisor. Each individual in a company is responsible to the manager at the next level up in the organizations hierarchy. The concept of parity of authority and responsibility states that equal levels of authority and responsibility should exist in each position (Fayol, 1916). Anyone who has authority should be held accountable for how that authority is used. Anyone being held responsible should have sufficient authority to get the job done. This is done in a positive manner. It gets the job done. If a manager motivates the unit, it brings out a positive outcome. A pleasant and positive job context contributes to individual and company success by enabling employees to do their best work. Through processes such as mentoring and rewarding, which help to build self-efficacy and self-esteem in individual workers, motivated behaviors can be increased. A company with an unpleasant physical environment, poor reward system, unqualified or inept supervisors, or counterproductive cultural norms limits motivated behaviors (Kamdar Van Dyne, 2007). Emotional Intelligence explains why, despite equal intellectual capacity, training, or experience, some people excel while others of the same caliber lag behind. Certain competencies are found repeatedly in high performers at all levels, from customer service representatives to CEOs. As trainers we must find ways to build these talents labeled EQ (emotional intelligence quotients). Research has shown that emotional intelligence, which encompasses self confidence, can be developed through things like awareness, training, coaching, and practice. That is why a growing number of organizations in the US and around the world is investing in providing their managers with training in emotional intelligence. The conclusion then is that if you are looking to build your self confidence as an important step toward achieving your dreams in life, you should consider taking some training or coaching that helps you develop your emotional intelligence. If you are a trainer or a coach, you should consider adding emotional intelligence to your offerings to help your clients build the confidence to achieve their dreams. The application of the New Sciences to the management of organizations in the age of hyper competition will also be investigated, in order to see whether it could improve our understanding and insight into the modern business organization. Due to the fact that this is a new and exciting way of managing a business, the amount of research literature available is limited. As always, when entering such uncharted waters, more questions will be raised than answers given, but this is indicative of a new concept, and leaves room for more intensive research which will provide a greater understanding of the value added by this management paradigm. Margaret Wheatley (1994) turns to the New Sciences to demonstrate how some of the issues discussed above might be accommodated. She shows how the New Sciences including Quantum Physics, Chaos Theory, Chemistry, and Molecular Biology provide insights into transforming how organizations organize work, people and life, in order to meet the strategic imperatives defined by DAveni. In particular, Wheatley draws on the New Sciences to apply scientific concepts to the problems of order/ change: autonomy/ control: structure/ flexibility: and planning/ innovation within organizations, and in so doing, calls, respectively, for free-flowing information, individual empowerment, relationship networks, and organizational change that evolves organically. This new approach to organizations is a dramatic shift away from thinking of organizations in mechanistic terms, as collections of replaceable parts, where leadership seeks prediction and control. A paradigm shift like this can only take place successfully if the necessary tools and mechanisms are available to support the application of the fundamental insights, offered by the New Sciences, to the complex adaptive system, i. e. the Organization . Conclusion  In summary, career development includes all efforts and activities conducted by individual employees and the organization to help each person choose and follow the best path. The primary concepts that apply to personal success are building an ethical foundation, becoming involved in training and preparation, finding the right person-organization fit, engaging in continuous improvement, and achieving balance. Organizational needs also must be met to fully achieve a quality career development system. The age of the virtual organization is fast becoming a reality. The implications of this have to be dealt with urgently in the new millennium, as the adoption of ever newer technologies and the emerging trends discussed earlier will continue to manifest at an exponential rate. What is also clear is that the traditional management framework is increasingly proving itself incapable of satisfactorily dealing with the new market reality: Conventional theories and practices no longer provide the necessary guidance and support for decision-making in a world of change, complexity and uncertainty. It is this, then, that is driving the move towards a new management paradigm, in terms of which the management function will be radically redefined to take emerging realities into consideration. If companies are to prosper to be drivers of their industries they will need to proactively embrace a new management philosophy that is cognizant of the dynamics of information science, accelerating change, a borderless world, the holistic approach, the New Sciences, as well as the growth of technology, and, in the words of Vernor Vinge,the dawn of the Technological Singularity.

Mathematics of the Eye and Color Essay examples -- Math

Eye And Color The eye form a â€Å"optical image† on the light sensitive cell of the retina. It is very often compared to a camera in it so workings. However it is like a camera in its focusing properties but is very different after the light has hit the retina. The camera just prints a point to point representation of the image on film, where as the is much more complex and interesting. The visible light is only a very small portion of the electromagnetic spectrum and various wavelength in this visible spectrum of light represent different colors. Short wavelength light is reddish, medium wavelength light is greenish and long wavelength light is bluish. This make apparent in the a schematic of electromagnetic radiation below. The various structures of the eye refract the light entering the eye to focus is on the photosensitive retina. This structure are like the lenses we studied in class. Path The light takes * Cornea - The transparent tissue (part of the sclera) towards the front of the eye. Nearly a spherical and accounts for 43 of 59 of the dioptric power of the eye. Light must pass through the cornea to enter the interior of the eye. Imperfection in the spherical shape of the eye, astigmatism, result in vision problems. * Pupil- opening to the interior of the eye is controlled by the iris. Iris is the thing pigmented smooth muscle part of the choroid. Pupil controls the amount of light entering the eye by dilating or constricting. The diameter of the pupil can range from 2mm to 8mm. * Aqueous Humor- The liquid between the cornea and lens that has a refractive index (1.336) very close to water. * Lens-flexible tissue suspended from colliery muscles which can be used for accommodation. ... ... for all the visual phenomenon, remember the trick with the four colorful squares towards the beginning of the section. That phenomenon and many other like can not be explained with tricromatic theory alone, so a combination of tricromatic theory and opposition theory are used to explain vision. But the trichromatic system works at the retinal level where as the opposition is at the cerebral level. References Used * Human Physiology by Laurlee Sherwood * Color Vision and Colorimetry by Daniel Malacara * The Perception of Light and Colour by C.A Padgham and J.E Saunders * http://www.adobe.com/support/techguides/color/colormodels/main.html * Perception: Mechanims and Models by Richar Held and Whitman Richards * http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/vision/visioncon.html#c1 Mathematics of the Eye and Color Essay examples -- Math Eye And Color The eye form a â€Å"optical image† on the light sensitive cell of the retina. It is very often compared to a camera in it so workings. However it is like a camera in its focusing properties but is very different after the light has hit the retina. The camera just prints a point to point representation of the image on film, where as the is much more complex and interesting. The visible light is only a very small portion of the electromagnetic spectrum and various wavelength in this visible spectrum of light represent different colors. Short wavelength light is reddish, medium wavelength light is greenish and long wavelength light is bluish. This make apparent in the a schematic of electromagnetic radiation below. The various structures of the eye refract the light entering the eye to focus is on the photosensitive retina. This structure are like the lenses we studied in class. Path The light takes * Cornea - The transparent tissue (part of the sclera) towards the front of the eye. Nearly a spherical and accounts for 43 of 59 of the dioptric power of the eye. Light must pass through the cornea to enter the interior of the eye. Imperfection in the spherical shape of the eye, astigmatism, result in vision problems. * Pupil- opening to the interior of the eye is controlled by the iris. Iris is the thing pigmented smooth muscle part of the choroid. Pupil controls the amount of light entering the eye by dilating or constricting. The diameter of the pupil can range from 2mm to 8mm. * Aqueous Humor- The liquid between the cornea and lens that has a refractive index (1.336) very close to water. * Lens-flexible tissue suspended from colliery muscles which can be used for accommodation. ... ... for all the visual phenomenon, remember the trick with the four colorful squares towards the beginning of the section. That phenomenon and many other like can not be explained with tricromatic theory alone, so a combination of tricromatic theory and opposition theory are used to explain vision. But the trichromatic system works at the retinal level where as the opposition is at the cerebral level. References Used * Human Physiology by Laurlee Sherwood * Color Vision and Colorimetry by Daniel Malacara * The Perception of Light and Colour by C.A Padgham and J.E Saunders * http://www.adobe.com/support/techguides/color/colormodels/main.html * Perception: Mechanims and Models by Richar Held and Whitman Richards * http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/vision/visioncon.html#c1

Mock interview

Johnson, and we talked a little bit about that company which was about how great that company is. I love Johnson & Johnson this company a lot. It survived from World War One, the Great Depression , and World War Two. And it is coming much and much stronger, more than ever. We went through some Traditional Interview Questions as well. When he asked me, â€Å"do you prefer working on a team or as an individual contributor? I basically combined my own working experience with it, and I said â€Å"l actually more enjoy working on a team rather than an individual contributor, because I used to work In a restaurant before which Is not a one person's Job, it takes many people and time to work on it, to manage it, and run It. † As myself, I take every firm and company as a big running machine, and each stuff members are working as a small part and component of this machine. Everyone Is involved, and everyone Is Important as well.In order to make this machine runs, each part and compon ent Is Indispensable. It may start to running If without some part or component, but It won't work as well as If everyone Is Involved. It was a great experience to having an Interview with him. The whole Interviewing didn't take too long, and it was only about 20 minutes. But he gave me a very good Impression from the beginning to the end. It Is very Important to have such a mock Interview before we take the real Interview with some big companies. It Isn't Just gave me the experience, but It also gives me the courage.

Metro Rail Services At Kochi City - 1125 Words

1 Executive Summary This project discusses the Metro rail services to be build in Kochi city. Rapid urbanization and intense commercial developments in the recent past have resulted in steep rise in travel demand, putting Kochi’s transport infrastructure to stress. With mega projects such as ‘SMART CITY, ‘INFO PARK’, ‘FASHION CITY’ and â€Å"Vellarpadam Container Terminal†, etc. on the anvil, travel demand is expected to shoot up, strengthening the need for augmenting the transport infrastructure in Kochi region. In the absence of a mass transport system, there has been a steep increase in the number of personalized motor vehicles in GCDA area. The number of registered motor vehicles in this area was 68,271 in 1987 and it grown to 4,46,959 in the year 2003. 64% of these vehicles are two wheelers. This large number of motor vehicles is resulting in rise in air pollution, increased number of road accidents, and slowing down of average vehicular speeds. Peak hour traffic demand on Alwaye-Petta Corridor has been assessed as 13,681 phpdt for the year 2015 and this is likely to increase 21065 phpdt by the year 2025. Road-based public transport, therefore, can not meet this demand. There is an urgent need to introduce a light Metro system in the city to provide fast, safe, economic, and environment-friendly mode for mass movement of passengers. Carrying capacity of Light Metro System is upto 25,000 phpdt, which will be adequate to take care of the traffic problems for Greater CochinShow MoreRelatedAbout Visakhapatnam4847 Words   |  20 PagesVishakhapatnam and often abbreviated to Vizag) is a port city on the southeast coast of India and often called The Jewel of the East Coast . With a population of 2,035,690,[1] and occupying 681 square kilometres (263 sq mi),[2] it is the second largest city in the state of Andhra Pradesh and the third largest city on the east coast of India (after Chennai and Kolkata). Visakhapatnam is located 625 kilometres (388 mi) east of the state capital, Hyderabad. The city is home to severalstate-owned heavy industriesRead MoreNagpur6776 Words   |  28 PagesPolice Commisioner – Mr Kaushal Pathak Area : Captital City – 217.65 km2 Metro – 3,780 km2 Population : Metropolitan City – 4,405,421 Rank – 13 Density – 20,000/km2 (52,000/sq mi) Metro – 2,583,911 Vehicle Registration : Vehicle registration MH31 – Ngp West; MH49 – Nagpur East; MH40 – Nagpur Metro * Nagpur is the winter capital of the state of Maharashtra. * a fast growing metropolis and third largest city in Maharashtra after Mumbai and Pune. * With a populationRead MoreA Study on Role of Advertisement in Promotion of Tourism in India15524 Words   |  63 Pagesadvertising cannot guarantee success, but it certainly increases its chances. Advertising plays an important and limited role within the process of marketing. Advertising has three basic objectives: * To  inform  customers about new products, experiences, services and other information that they need to be know. * To  persuade  customers to purchase a destination or product, to perceive a destination or product differently or change a brand preference (as an example to perhaps change a customer’s preferenceRead Moreâ€Å"Ratio Analysis and Comparative Study of Financials of Iocl with Its Competitors†13708 Words   |  55 Pagesâ€â€"GLOBAL 500‘listing. One of the NAVRATNAcompanies. Besides having a dominant market share, Indian Oil is widely recognized as India‘s dominant energy brand and customers perceive Indian Oil as a reliable symbol for high quality products and services. Indian Oil has been meeting India‘s energy demands for over 5 decades. This oil concern is administratively controlled by Indias Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas, a government entity that owns just over 90 percent of the firm. Since 1959Read MorePrimary Sector of Economy17717 Words   |  71 Pagesdirect use of natural resources. This includes agriculture, forestry and fishing, mining, and extraction of oil and gas. This is contrasted with the secondary sector, producing manufactures and other processed goods, and the tertiary sector, producing services. The primary sector is usually most important in less developed countries, and typically less important in industrial countries. The manufacturing industries that aggregate, pack, package, purify or process the raw materials close to the primary